怎样提高汉英翻译水平 |
|
| 日期：2007-7-29 11:44:07 人气：
[大
中 小] |
|
|
|
|
|
摸的方式是用手摸还是用脚触？石头是大石头还是小石头(rock, stone. Pebble, etc.)？如果意译为 learning by experiment / by trial and error是否可取？直译和意译相结合wading across the stream by feeling the way如何？ Since there is no previous experience to fall back on, we have to wade across the stream by feeling the way, as we say in Chinese. 第三：中文和英文的对应词有时意思并不相同或者不完全相同，不能照字面翻译。例如下面例子中的外国人和foreigner: 如果我们要把他的英语说得真好，就像外国人一样。翻译成这样的英语He speaks English so well, he sounds like a foreigner.那么这里的修饰语like a foreigner 是指说得不好，听起来很别扭。这种看上去非常准确的翻译其效果却适得其反。正确的翻译方法应该是：He speaks English so well, he sounds like a native speaker.第四：有时候中文字面的意思表达不充分，部分信息被省略了或被隐藏起来了。例如下面的例子：特区是个窗口，是技术的窗口，管理的窗口，知识的窗口，也是对外政策的窗口。有人把它翻译为：The special zone is a window. It is a widow for introducing technology, management and knowledge. It is also a window for foreign policy.这样的翻译外国人是无法理解的，我们必须把那些被省略了或被隐藏起来的信息都翻译出来：The special economics zones are a window opening onto the outside world. They are a window through which to bring in from abroad sophisticated technology, advanced managerial expertise and up-to-date know-how. It is also a window through which to disseminate Chinas external policies.与此相似的例子还有很多，如退耕还林不是return farmland to forest(把耕地退还给森林)，而应该是restore woodland-converted farm-plots back for afforesting (把从林地开垦出来的耕地还原成林地，即重新进行植树造林)。春运也不能简单地说成是spring transportation(春季的运输) 而是the rush / peak season of passenger transportation during the Spring Festival / Chinese New Year(春节期间的客运高峰)。第五：有些中文词语没有什么特殊涵义，而与之相对应的英文词语却有着特殊的涵义。例如，与便宜、价廉相对应的cheap,它有时候会带有贬义，成为质次价低的意，如cheap jewelries, cheap dresses, cheap furniture 等。我们可以说I bought a cheap watch for my child，对小孩无所谓；但不能说I bought a cheap dress for my girlfriend. 因为这样说会冒犯对方。在后一种情况下必须用inexpensive一词。第六：避免用中式英语进行表达，而要尽量用地道的英语进行表达。假如我们要把我过去学过一些法语，但现在都忘了，都还给老师了这句话翻译成英语，最好不要说 I learned some French in the past. Now I have forgotten it. Ive returned it to the teacher. 比较好的说法是 I used to know some French, but Ive forgotten it. It has found its way back to my teacher.再比如我们要用英语说我攒了一大堆赃衣服，等着周末来洗，最好不要说I have accumulated a large amount of dirty clothes. Im going to wash them at the weekend. 比较好的说法是 I have a lot of laundry to catch up at the weekend. 第七：根据不同场合，英语的表达有庄重(formal) 与随意(informal) 之分。比如禁止吸烟（No Smoking）、请勿吸烟(Thank you for not smoking) 和为了您和他人的健康，请勿在此吸烟（For hygienes sake, please refrain yourself from smoking in this room.）下面两组例子中都各包含有formal- normal - informal 三种文体风格(style):Please await instructions before dispatching items.Please wait for instructions before sending items off.Dont send anything off until youre told to do so.Essential measures should be undertaken at the earliest opportunity.One should undertake any necessary measures at the earliest opportunity.You should do whatever you have to as soon as you can.第八：要注意各行各业的不同术语的选择。比如安居工程 的英译不是housing project for low-income urban residents，而应该按照社会经济用语的习惯翻译为the Affordable Housing Program; 再比如，高速公路上的警示语请勿疲劳驾驶，翻译成英语不是Dont drive tiredly，按照交通法规术语应该翻译为Drowsy driving is dangerous 或Drive alert, arrive alive。第九：注意汉语和英语之间的文化差异。把相声翻译成英语不能只是翻译其形式，还要翻译其内涵。翻译成cross talk 外国
|
|
|
| 出处：不详 作者：不详 |
|
|
